Straw Bridges (2024)

Materials

  • 35 non-bendy straws
  • Clear tape
  • Scissors
  • Meter stick or yardstick
  • 200 to 300 pennies
  • Small cup
  • Pencil
  • Paper
  • Two chairs or tables

Directions

Start with a quick activity to understand which shape is strongest. Tape straws together to make three squares. On one square, tape one straw on the diagonal through the center. On another square, tape two straws through the center to make an X. Leave the third square as is. Stand up each shape and push down gently on the top. Which shape feels strongest?

Your challenge is to build a bridge using shapes that you think will make your bridge the strongest and able to hold the most weight. It must meet these requirements:

  1. Span at least 25 centimeters across two tables or chairs and not be taped or attached to them.
  2. Use no more than 20 straws, but they can be cut into smaller pieces.
  3. Securely hold a small cup in the middle of the bridge. This is where you place pennies to test the weight limit.

Before you build, come up with an idea of how you will design the bridge. Draw sketches if it helps you think through your ideas.

Build your bridge using only straws and clear tape. When you are satisfied with your bridge, place it between two tables or chairs that are 25 centimeters apart. Place the cup in the middle and add a few pennies at a time. Count the pennies and keep adding them until the bridge collapses. How many pennies did it hold? How did the bridge break? Can you change your design to make it stronger?

What's happening?

Look at a steel or wooden bridge and often you will see triangle shapes making up most of the bridge’s support structure. These are called truss bridges. Triangles are structurally the strongest shape because they allow weight to be evenly spread throughout a structure, allowing it to support heavy loads. Truss patterns are used in other structures as well, such as roofs, radio towers, crane arms and more.

Engineers must consider loads, or the weights and forces that a structure must withstand. The dead load of a structure is the weight of the structure itself. The dead load of a bridge includes beams, cables and the deck. The live load of a structure is the weight that is added to the structure, including people, cars and wind.

Extension

Have a bridge-building competition with your family or friends. Give everyone the same amount of materials and try to build the strongest bridge in a specific amount of time. Or try building a bridge over a longer distance. You can also try building bridges with other materials, such as craft sticks or dry spaghetti.

Recommended reading

Bridges and Tunnels: Investigate Feats of Engineering by Donna Latham

Straw Bridges (2024)

FAQs

What is the strongest bridge out of straws? ›

Cut a small piece of tape and stick it over the piece of cut straw and onto the bridge base. Repeat this process for each supporting straw. Use 2 pieces of tape per cut straw to increase the strength of the bridge.

What bridge designs hold weight the best? ›

Look at a steel or wooden bridge and often you will see triangle shapes making up most of the bridge's support structure. These are called truss bridges. Triangles are structurally the strongest shape because they allow weight to be evenly spread throughout a structure, allowing it to support heavy loads.

What is the strongest bridge type? ›

Truss bridges are extremely effective because they have a high strength to weight ratio.

What are the 4 main type of bridges? ›

The 4 main types of bridges are Arch bridges, bamboo bridges, beam bridges, and truss bridges.

What is the tallest straw you can drink from? ›

The pressure of the atmosphere can only push the liquid up so high. no one, no matter how strong, could drink through a 35 foot straw. In Colorado, the limit is even less. Atmospheric pressure is lower, so a 30 foot straw will do the trick.

Which is the weakest bridge styles? ›

We did further research after our experiment and learned that beam bridges are actually the weakest of all bridges and suspension bridges are the strongest.

What bridge is best for heavy loads? ›

The experiment proved that the arch bridge could hold a great deal of weight without breaking or bending. The arch bridge can hold the most weight of the three, the deck truss bridge can hold an average amount of weight, and the beam bridge could hold the least amount of weight.

What is the maximum weight a bridge can hold? ›

The Federal gross weight limit on the Interstate System is 80,000 pounds unless the Bridge Formula dictates a lower weight limit. Single-Axle Weight—The total weight on one or more axles whose centers are spaced not more 40 inches apart. The Federal single-axle weight limit on the Interstate System is 20,000 pounds.

What type of popsicle stick bridge is the strongest? ›

The triangle design is "stronger"—the popsicle sticks are arranged in such a way in this shape that when you push or pull on them, none of them can rotate.

What is the weakest shape for a bridge? ›

Cylinders are the second strongest because it has internal compression. This shape is used in Arch Bridges and in the beams that hold up most bridges. The cube or rectangular prism is the least strong because the compression caused by a force is not balanced by tension.

What is the strongest design for a toothpick bridge? ›

Another way to build strong structures made out of weak materials like toothpicks is using strong shapes like triangles. You may have heard that triangles are strong. That's because it's hard to make a triangle lose its shape.

What is the easiest bridge to build? ›

Beam bridges are the simplest type of bridge. In its most basic form, all that is needed is a crossbeam long enough to cover the span, and support from abutments under each end.

What is the cheapest type of bridge? ›

BEAM BRIDGE

The simplicity of the beam bridge made it the first type of bridge ever built. It's still the cheapest to build. All you need is a crossbeam covering the span, supported by an abutment at each end. One type of beam bridge is a girder bridge, which employs steel girders as reinforcement.

What is the best bridge for long distance? ›

Arch Bridges

Arch bridges use arches to transfer the weight of the bridge to its supports. They are designed to span longer distances than beam bridges and are far more durable.

What is a small bridge called? ›

1- CULVERT: Bridge having a total span length less than 6 m. Similarly, 2- MINOR BRIDGE: Bridge having total span length greater than 6 m & less than 60 m. 3- MAJOR BRIDGE: Bridge having total span length greater than 60 m. 4- LONG SPAN BRIDGE: Major Bridge having the Main span length more than 120 m.

What is the strongest dental bridge material? ›

Gold is the strongest material for dental bridges. It is wear-resistant. This is a good choice for patients with bruxism. This metal does not affect the gum tissues at all.

Which popsicle stick bridge is the strongest? ›

However, when you try to rotate the popsicle sticks in the triangle truss, they do not move. The triangle design is “stronger” – the popsicle sticks are arranged such that when you push or pull on them, none of them can rotate.

What is the strongest straw hat? ›

Luffy is, without a doubt, the strongest fighter in the Straw Hat pirates crew, earning their awe and respect on every encounter they face. He can use every form of Haki, his Devil Fruit lets him overcome nearly every obstacle, and his unwillingness to quit has carried him across all sagas.

What is the strongest form for a bridge? ›

Often a design calls for longer bridges that need to be even stronger. This is when you'll use a truss bridge. These bridges are load-bearing superstructures composed of connected elements, called trusses.

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