Fingerprints (2024)

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

Our Automated Biometric Identification System (AFIS) enables our member countries to share and compare fingerprints to identify any persons of interest. Launched in 2000, AFIS enabled countries to identify thousands of individuals, often in cases where false identities were used and biometrics were the only possibility to identify them.

Authorized users can submit search requests against AFIS using the Biometric Hub, launched in 2023.

Science behind fingerprints

Fingerprint identification is a form of biometrics, a science that uses people’s physical or biological characteristics to identify them.

No two people have the same fingerprints, not even identical twins. Neither do fingerprints change, even as we get older, unless the deep or ‘basal’ layer is destroyed or intentionally changed by plastic surgery.

There are three main fingerprint patterns, called arches, loops and whorls. The shape, size, number, and arrangement of minor details, called minutiae, in these patterns make each fingerprint unique.

Making a match

When a fingerprint is found at a crime scene it is known as a ‘finger mark’ or ‘latent print’. Cross-checking these against other prints in police databases has the potential to link a series of crimes together, or to place a suspect at the scene of a crime.

Authorized users in member countries can cross-check records from their national fingerprint databases against INTERPOL AFIS via the Biometric Hub, especially in cases where there might be an international aspect to the crime.

Fingerprints, which must be of sufficient quality, are searched in AFIS, a system that compares and analyzes dactyloscopic details and selects the candidates based on the score using powerful algorithm.

Countries can opt to submit their fingerprint searches in ‘lights out’ mode (identifications are done without the intervention of fingerprint examiner or in a ‘confirmed’ mode, where potential candidate decisions are reviewed by two INTERPOL Fingerprint experts.

All fingerprints of required quality submitted by member countries via I-LINK products (Notices, Diffusions and I-LINK Messages) are processed via the Biometric Hub and are searched and stored in AFIS.

Member countries can submit “search only” requests directly to the AFIS using the Biometric Hub, for example, in cases important for an investigation or to cross-check the fingerprints of person of interest at a border crossing.

Exchanging fingerprint records using the NIST standard

Records are saved and exchanged in the format set by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

INTERPOL publishes a technical document with implementation guidelines for the exchange of biometric data in line with this format.

The latest version (v. 6.0), published in 2020, introduces the use of XML and will, in future, replace the current version (v5.03).

Both sets of guidelines and the related file package can be downloaded from our GitHub platform. Any feedback, questions or problems can be submitted via the Issues page.

To facilitate the transfer of fingerprint data, INTERPOL has made a tool available to member countries which converts JPEG files into NIST files (Image2NIST).

Identifying victims of disasters

Along with DNA, fingerprints can play an important role in identifying victims following natural or manmade disasters such as an earthquake or bombing. This is important not only for the police investigating the incident, but also for the families concerned.

Gathering experts together

Our International Fingerprint and Face Symposium provides an opportunity for experts from around the world to share best practice and latest developments.

In addition, two fingerprint related working groups are take place twice a year at INTERPOL:

- INTERPOL AFIS Expert Working Group shares the information on new technology, identification procedures and training needs.

- INTERPOL NIST Standard Implementation Working Group works on the latest INTEPROL NIST standard and its evolution.

Training

We provide training to law enforcement officers and experts in our member countries, to ensure that frontline officers have the knowledge and skills necessary to use the Biometric Hub and our related services. Training options include an online platform, in-person training on the use of mobile biometric devices prior to operations, know-how of transmitting the fingerprints to INTERPOL (for search only or search and storage) and the basics of fingerprint evidence collection at crimes scenes.

Fingerprints (2024)

FAQs

Fingerprints? ›

However, fingerprints are often not enough by themselves to result in a conviction. Instead, fingerprint evidence is often presented as one piece of evidence rather than the only evidence against a defendant.

What is the most common mistake in fingerprinting? ›

Here are a few common errors that you may encounter as well as some simple fixes. rolled the finger too quickly. First try to re-capture the print by slowing down. If you still get the same error simply ask your subject to dry off their fingertips and make another attempt.

What if my fingerprints Cannot be read? ›

For all models: Fingers that are too clean or too dry can be difficult for the reader to recognize. Rubbing your finger on your forehead before placing it on the reader sometimes helps. If this does not help, try registering your fingerprint again.

How reliable are fingerprints in solving crimes? ›

Even though fingerprints are commonly used as tools in the investigation of crimes by law enforcement, the identification of a person through fingerprint analysis is not completely reliable, and the use of fingerprints without any other forms of corroborating evidence may result in wrongful convictions.

Why do my fingerprints keep getting rejected? ›

The most effective thing you can do to avoid having your fingerprints rejected is to moisturize using a high-quality lotion. Be sure to use lotion on your hands several times per day for up to a week leading up your fingerprint day. Avoid excessive washing and sanitizer use.

What is the biggest problem with fingerprint evidence? ›

Fingerprints Are Not Secure

This is one reason fingerprints have been easily planted in the scenes of a crime. People with grievances against others can decide to extract their fingerprints and plant them in the scenes of crime. This is a major flaw of fingerprint identification that has been noticed for years.

What is the number one mistake officers make in processing fingerprints? ›

The number one mistake officers make is over-processing the latent fingerprint. First rule: use less powder than you think you need.

What causes unreadable fingerprints? ›

Burns are one common way fingerprints become damaged – peeling and blistering, as you already know, can slough away those invaluable ridges. A simple mistake made while cooking can lead to unreadable fingerprints! Deep cuts, abrasion, and other injuries will also result in lost fingerprints.

Why are my fingerprints so hard to read? ›

Common causes of low-quality fingerprints

Any activities that build calluses, smooth your skin, or otherwise distort your fingerprints can increase the chances that your fingerprints get rejected. Here are a few of the most common causes of low-quality fingerprints: Frequent hand washing/frequently using hand sanitizer.

How often are fingerprints wrong? ›

It sends fingerprint labs a test that includes eight to twelve pairs of prints that examiners confirm or reject as matches. The pairs usually consist of complete, not partial prints, making identifications easier than the real situations examiners face. Nevertheless the error rate has varied from 3% to a dismal 20%.

Are fingerprints enough evidence? ›

While fingerprints might not have the evidentiary strength of DNA evidence, they are still used in criminal cases. Fingerprints are generally considered to be reliable, and juries understand what they mean. Every person has a series of ridges on their fingers that are ostensibly theirs and no one else's.

How reliable is fingerprint scanning? ›

As noted above, fingerprint scans are accurate at least 98% of the time at worst, with ideal outcomes topping out around 99.91% accuracy. However, biometrics overall do not meet NIST's standards for accuracy. NIST's ideal miss rate is 0.00001% or one error in every 100,000 scans.

What are the cons of fingerprinting? ›

Sample contamination, faulty preparation procedures, and mistakes in interpretation of results are major sources of error in DNA fingerprinting. These issues can cause discrepancies between biological proof and legal proof in court cases.

Why do some peoples fingerprints not work? ›

The sensor may not work if your fingers are too dry or chapped. It may be helpful to moisturize your hands with hand lotion. If a phone case covers or touches the fingerprint sensor, or prevents your finger from touching it, it can interfere with the sensor's operation.

How to make your fingerprints unreadable? ›

If you don't want to change your actual skin, use something to fill the ridges; super glue does the trick but will start to flake off in a day, Sugru would probably work well and still allow for grip (it's self setting rubber) but it's a more obscure material so counteracts much hope for anonymity, but if you're really ...

What are some common errors in lifting fingerprints? ›

Two important types of errors are false positive errors and false negative errors. A false positive error occurs when an examiner concludes that two prints share a common source when, in fact, they do not.

What messes up fingerprints? ›

Burns are one common way fingerprints become damaged – peeling and blistering, as you already know, can slough away those invaluable ridges. A simple mistake made while cooking can lead to unreadable fingerprints! Deep cuts, abrasion, and other injuries will also result in lost fingerprints.

What causes most wrongful convictions based on fingerprint evidence? ›

Causes of wrongful convictions associated with forensic science errors are identified. Most errors are associated with poor adherence to practice and testimony standards. Validated scientific standards and innovations may reduce the risk of wrongful convictions.

What is a bad fingerprint error? ›

If the fingerprint is wrong when received then it means that the message was not constructed correctly or became corrupted during transmit. In the error message "bad fingerprint: 1000" the RTprocess is reporting that the value of the fingerprint is "1000" which is not the correct fingerprint.

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