Exchanging keys (2024)

To communicate with others you must exchange public keys.To list the keys on your public keyring use the command-line option --list-keys.

Exporting a public key

To send your public key to a correspondent you must first export it.The command-line option --exportis used to do this.It takes an additional argument identifying the public key to export.As with the --gen-revoke option, either the key ID or any part ofthe user ID may be used to identify the key to export.

alice% gpg --output alice.gpg --export alice@cyb.org

The key is exported in a binary format, but this can be inconvenientwhen the key is to be sent though email or published on a web page.GnuPG therefore supports a command-line option --armor[1]that that causes output to be generated in an ASCII-armored format similar touuencoded documents.In general, any output from GnuPG, e.g., keys, encrypted documents, andsignatures, can be ASCII-armored by adding the --armor option.

alice% gpg --armor --export alice@cyb.org-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----Version: GnuPG v0.9.7 (GNU/Linux)Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org[...]-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Importing a public key

A public key may be added to your public keyring with the--import option.

alice% gpg --import blake.gpggpg: key 9E98BC16: public key importedgpg: Total number processed: 1gpg: imported: 1alice% gpg --list-keys/users/alice/.gnupg/pubring.gpg---------------------------------------pub 1024D/BB7576AC 1999-06-04 Alice (Judge) <alice@cyb.org>sub 1024g/78E9A8FA 1999-06-04pub 1024D/9E98BC16 1999-06-04 Blake (Executioner) <blake@cyb.org>sub 1024g/5C8CBD41 1999-06-04

Once a key is imported it should be validated.GnuPG uses a powerful and flexible trust model that does not requireyou to personally validate each key you import.Some keys may need to be personally validated, however.A key is validated by verifying the key's fingerprint and then signingthe key to certify it as a valid key.A key's fingerprint can be quickly viewed with the--fingerprintcommand-line option, but in order to certify the key you must edit it.

alice% gpg --edit-key blake@cyb.orgpub 1024D/9E98BC16 created: 1999-06-04 expires: never trust: -/qsub 1024g/5C8CBD41 created: 1999-06-04 expires: never (1) Blake (Executioner) <blake@cyb.org>Command> fprpub 1024D/9E98BC16 1999-06-04 Blake (Executioner) <blake@cyb.org> Fingerprint: 268F 448F CCD7 AF34 183E 52D8 9BDE 1A08 9E98 BC16

A key's fingerprint is verified with the key's owner.This may be done in person or over the phone or through any other meansas long as you can guarantee that you are communicating with the key'strue owner.If the fingerprint you get is the same as the fingerprint the key'sowner gets, then you can be sure that you have a correct copy of the key.

After checking the fingerprint, you may sign the key to validate it.Since key verification is a weak point in public-key cryptography,you should be extremely careful and always checka key's fingerprint with the owner before signing the key.

Command> sign pub 1024D/9E98BC16 created: 1999-06-04 expires: never trust: -/q Fingerprint: 268F 448F CCD7 AF34 183E 52D8 9BDE 1A08 9E98 BC16 Blake (Executioner) <blake@cyb.org>Are you really sure that you want to sign this keywith your key: "Alice (Judge) <alice@cyb.org>"Really sign?

Once signed you can check the key to list the signatures on it andsee the signature that you have added.Every user ID on the key will have one or more self-signatures as wellas a signature for each user that has validated the key.

Command> checkuid Blake (Executioner) <blake@cyb.org>sig! 9E98BC16 1999-06-04 [self-signature]sig! BB7576AC 1999-06-04 Alice (Judge) <alice@cyb.org>
Exchanging keys (2024)

FAQs

What is the key exchange process? ›

Known as the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, the encryption key can be openly communicated as it poses no risk to the confidentiality of encrypted messages. One party exchanges the keys to another party where they can then encrypt messages using the key and send back the cipher text.

What is the best key exchange? ›

The two most popular key exchange algorithms are RSA and Diffie-Hellman (now known as Diffie-Helmlman-Merkle).

What are exchanging keys in VPN? ›

Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is a standard protocol used to set up a secure and authenticated communication channel between two parties via a virtual private network (VPN). The protocol ensures security for VPN negotiation, remote host and network access.

What are the key exchange protocols examples? ›

The key exchange protocol is considered an important part of cryptographic mechanism to protect secure end-to-end communications. An example of key exchange protocol is the Diffie and Hellman key exchange [DIF 06, STA 10], which is known to be vulnerable to attacks.

Which is the first step in a key exchange? ›

The web browser initiates communication with the server by sending a message called "ClientHello."

What is the process of exchanging? ›

Communication is the process of exchanging ideas, views, facts, and feelings between or among people to create a common understanding.

How to exchange a private key? ›

For RSA key exchange, secret keys are exchanged securely online by encrypting the secret key with the intended recipient's public key. Only the intended recipient can decrypt the secret key because it requires the use of the recipient's private key.

What is key exchange vs signature? ›

There is a difference between SIGNATURE or EXCHANGE key types. Key type: Exchange - used for both signing and encryption Key type: Signature - used only for signing Unless otherwise advised, when you create your CSR, you would choose the key type Exchange.

What is authenticated key exchange? ›

Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE), Authenticated Key Agreement (AKA) or Authentication and Key Establishment (AKE) is the exchange or creation of a session key in a key exchange protocol which also authenticates the identities of parties involved in key exchange.

What is secret key exchange? ›

Key exchange schemes

Diffie-Hellman key exchange (DHKE) is a protocol that enables two parties to exchange secret keys safely, even if a third party monitors their communication channel, which is typically public and not secure. This method can repel sniffing attacks or data interception.

What is Internet Key Exchange for dummies? ›

It's a protocol that establishes and manages VPN connections, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. IKE employs a combination of encryption algorithms, key exchange methods, and security policies to authenticate and secure network connections, making it a cornerstone of modern cybersecurity.

Does VPN use keys? ›

There are two types of VPN encryption: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric encryption uses a single key shared between two parties, while asymmetric encryption has public and private keys.

What are the methods of key exchange? ›

Two different types of key exchange that can be suggested are symmetric and Asymmetric encryption. The first one is the most commonly used since one of its advantages is to use less computing processing witch makes it a faster method, ideal for traffic with large amounts of data.

How are encryption keys transferred? ›

Encryption keys can be exported to a file or device, and imported from a device. Export to a file is the most secure method for transferring encryption keys. Transferring an encryption key directly to a device is less secure because security is primarily dependent upon the password complexity.

What is an example of a public key exchange? ›

Public Key and Private Key Example

Bob wants to send Alice an encrypted email. To do this, Bob takes Alice's public key and encrypts his message to her. When Alice receives the message, she uses the matching private key that is known only to her in order to decrypt the message from Bob.

What is the process of the exchange? ›

During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.

What is meant by an exchange process? ›

An exchange process is simply when an individual or an organisation decides to satisfy a need or want by offering some money or goods or services in exchange.

What is an example of the exchange process? ›

For an exchange to happen, both parties have to have something of value for each other. For instance, a man visiting a coffee shop might have enough money to buy a cup of coffee while the cafe has the coffee.

What is the process of key exchange in DH? ›

Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a method of digital encryption that securely exchanges cryptographic keys between two parties over a public channel without their conversation being transmitted over the internet. The two parties use symmetric cryptography to encrypt and decrypt their messages.

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