Direct and Indirect Speech: In this article, we are going to cover one of the most important parts of English Grammar, Direct and Indirect Speech. This is an important topic from an exam’s point of view and would be useful for students throughout their lifetime. Direct and Indirect Speech also form questions in various competitive exams. As mentioned earlier, it is important since all sentences are formed, spoken, and written either in direct or indirect speech. Learning how to write one and convert it is essential for learning the English Language. Find below what they mean, in detail. Also, know about the conversion strategy, formulas, rules, and more in brief. Students can attempt the questions without looking at the answers, to evaluate their understanding of the chapters.
Difference between Direct and Indirect Speech
Here, the difference between direct and indirect speech has been attached below in a table format. Check the differences between direct and indirect speech.
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| The person is quoted directly by using his/her exact words and phrases. | The person is quoted indirectly by explaining what he/she is trying to say. The tense and subject of the sentence change. |
| Inverted commas are used while quoting the third person | No usage of inverted commas. |
| Example: Hari said, “I am going to Rita’s house today”. | Example: Hari said that he would be going to Rita’s house today. |
Rules of Direct and Indirect Speech
There are some important rules for writing direct and indirect speeches and for conversion of the two. These are important for forming correct sentences. Check all the rules for direct and indirect speech here.
Rules for conversion of direct into indirect and vice versa are slightly different from each other, given the form of speeches they fall under. But, the primary rule is that direct and indirect sentences can be divided into two parts: Reported verb and Reported speech. The reported verb states who has said the sentence and the reported speech consists of the quote.
Rules for Converting Direct Speech into Indirect Speech
1. While converting direct speech into indirect speech, remove the inverted commas and replace them with that.
For example: Riya said, “I am honest”. (Direct)
Riya said that……. (Indirect)
2. If the quote or message under inverted commas is a universal truth or a habitual action, then the tense remains the same.
3. If the reporting verb of the sentence is in the present tense, then the tense remains unchanged.
For example: He says” There are eight planets in the world”. (Direct)
He says that there are eight planets in the world. (Indirect)
4. If the reporting verb of the sentence is in past tense, the reporting speech will be changed to past tense.
For Example: Rahul said, “He is playing” (direct)
Rahul said that he was playing (indirect).
- Simple present gets converted to simple past
- Present Continuous gets converted to past continuous
- Present Perfect gets converted to past perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous gets converted to Past Perfect Continuous
- Simple Past gets converted to Past Perfect
- Past Continuous gets converted to Past Perfect Continuous
- Will gets changed to would
- May gets changed to might
- Can gets changed to could
- Shall gets changed to should
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Simple Past | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Will | Would |
| May | Might |
| Can | Could |
| Shall | Should |
5. While converting direct speech into indirect speech, the subject in the reported speech gets changed to pronouns, as present in the reporting verb.
For Example: She said “I am smart” (Direct)
She said that she is smart (indirect)
6. If there’s a mention of time in the reported speech, then the way of referring to that particular time gets changed in indirect speech.
For example: Rita said “I will be going to the temple tomorrow” (Direct)
Rita said that she would be going to the temple the next day. (Indirect)
- Today gets changed to that day
- Tomorrow gets changed to the next day or the following day
- Yesterday gets changed to the previous day
- Now changes to Then
- Tonight changes to that night
- Yesterday night changes to the previous night
- Tomorrow night changes to the following night
- Here changes to There
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Today | That Day |
| Tomorrow | The Next Day/The Following Day |
| Yesterday | The Previous Day |
| Now | Then |
| Tonight | That Night |
| Yesterday Night | Previous Night |
| Tomorrow Night | Following Night |
| Here | There |
| This | That |
| Say | Say |
| These | Those |
| Say To | Tell |
| Said to | Told |
7. If a sentence in direct speech starts with a question, no conjunction will be used while converting it into indirect speech and the question mark will be removed.
For Example: “What are you doing” asked Riya (Direct)
Riya asked me what I was doing. (Indirect)
8. If a sentence in direct speech starts with a helping verb/auxiliary verb, then the joining clause gets changed to if/whether. During conversion, if the reporting verb has words like said or said to, then it gets changed to asked/enquired/demanded, depending on the nature of the sentence.
For Example: He asked me “Do you listen to Hindi music?” (Direct)
He asked me if I listen to Hindi music
9. Interjections are removed while converting direct speech into indirect speech. The sentence is turned into an assertive sentence.
For example: Riya said, “Wow, I won the competition”. (Direct)
Riya exclaimed with joy that she had won the competition. (Indirect)
Rules for converting Indirect Speech into Direct Speech
- While converting Indirect speech into direct speech, put a comma before the statement starts and put the first letter of the statement in the capital.
- You can use question marks, quotations, commas, and exclamations on the basis of the nature of the sentence.
- Avoid the usage of conjunctions. Use only when necessary.
- Change the past tense into the present tense, while converting.
- Change past perfect tense either into present perfect tense or past tense (based on the need).
- Use say, said to effectively. Ensure that the meaning of the sentence is not tweaked.
Direct to Indirect Speech Conversion Exercise with Answers
1. He said, “I arrived before you”.
Answer. He said that he had arrived before you.
2. Harish said, “I have a headache today”.
Answer. Harish said that he had a headache that day.
3. He asked me, “When are you leaving?”
Answer. He questioned me when I was leaving.
4. Rahul said, “Can you call me back later?”
Answer. Rahul asked me if I could call him back later.
5. Mom said to me, “May God Bless you”.
Answer. Mom wished that God might bless me.
Indirect to Direct Speech Conversion Exercise with Answers
1. She asked whether I would come to the sun festival
Answer. She said, “Will you come to the Sun Festival?”.
2. My friend says that she dances well.
Answer. My friend says, “She dances well”.
3. Ram said that he was walking alone on the street the previous night.
Answer. Ram said, “I was walking alone on the street yesterday night”.
4. He enquired me if I reach home by 9 PM every day.
Answer. He asked me, “Do you reach home by 9 PM every day?”.
5. The boy said that he has a habit of biting nails.
Answer. The boy said, “I have a habit of biting nails”.
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