Can you hear and smell if they cut off your ears and nose? (2024)

Explainer

Can you smell without a nose?

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On Saturday, Taliban guerrillas punished a group of Afghan truck drivers suspected of collaborating with U.S-led troops by chopping off their ears and noses. Can the victims still hear and smell?

Yes, but with more difficulty. The outer part of your ear, known as the pinna, funnels sound into your ear canal, like a megaphone in reverse. If someone cut it off, everything would sound quieter. (A wound that scabbed over would make the sound suppression more severe.) The pinnae also tell you where sounds are coming from: The ridges and grooves shape sound waves differently depending on where the sound originates. As a result, the brain learns to associate certain amplification patterns with certain directions. So, if you lost your ears, you might be able to tell what music you’re hearing, but not where the speakers are.

Likewise, the nose funnels air (and smells) toward receptor neurons, * which sit behind the face and near the front of the brain. You can’t really damage this odor-sensing area by slicing off cartilage. More likely, cutting off someone’s nose will affect their breathing, which in turn affects their ability to smell. The front of the nose has two main functions: It guides airflow and filters out dust and other large particles. The nostrils direct incoming breaths up and over turbinates located behind the nose. These turbinates secrete moisture to humidify the air before it reaches thereceptors. At the same time, particles get stuck in nasal mucus before dripping or getting sneezed out. Without a nose, you’d end up inhaling more dry, dusty air—which makes Saturday’s nasal severance especially cruel, given Afghanistan’s arid climate.

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Of course, if you lose your ears and nose, you can always get new ones. Doctors sometimes make ears for children born without them—a deformity called microtia. The process is complicated, though: Surgeons take a graft of cartilage from the ribs, carve it into the shape of a pinna, and implant it under the skin. (They often graft skin onto the back of the fake ear to make it protrude.) The entire process—three or four surgeries in all—can take up to two years. Adults with severe skin cancer on their ears usually get a prosthetic ear instead of one generated from their own tissue. (Plastic ears can be amazingly realistic.)

Reconstructing a nose is easier. Doctors cut a flap of skin loose from the forehead (leaving it attached between the eyebrows to preserve blood flow) and rotate it down to cover the nose area. To recreate its structure, they can take bone from the patient’s skull and cartilage from the ears, and then lay the flap of skin over it. If you’re only replacing a small piece of the nose, you can sometimes reconstruct it using a pie-shaped piece of cartilage from the ear. (For patients without ears, doctors can use rib cartilage instead.)

Got a question about today’s news? Ask the Explainer.

Explainer thanks Dr. John Oghalai of the Baylor College of Medicine and Dr. Madan Kandula of Advanced Ear, Nose & Throat Specialists.

Correction, March 23, 2007: This article mistakenly stated thatthe olfactory receptorsare located on the olfactory bulbs, instead of near them. (Return to the corrected sentence.)

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Can you hear and smell if they cut off your ears and nose? (2024)

FAQs

Can you hear and smell if they cut off your ears and nose? ›

So, if you lost your ears, you might be able to tell what music you're hearing, but not where the speakers are. Likewise, the nose funnels air (and smells) toward receptor neurons, * which sit behind the face and near the front of the brain. You can't really damage this odor-sensing area by slicing off cartilage.

Can you hear without an ear canal? ›

People who have microtia may have some degree of hearing loss in their affected ear, particularly if there are issues with middle ear or ear canal development. But the structures in your inner ear may have the ability to conduct sound, even if your ear canal is completely closed.

What happens if you cut your ear canal? ›

Ear cuts or wounds

These injuries may happen to your outer ear or ear canal. Minor cuts usually heal on their own or with at-home first aid. You may need treatment if you have a more serious wound or laceration that: Causes hearing loss or severe pain.

Do you need ears to hear? ›

If you're like most people in San Francisco with a basic understanding of the hearing process, you probably assume your ears are responsible for hearing. In reality, your brain does most of the work! We're not saying your ears aren't important. After all, you need them to keep your sunglasses from falling off.

What is ear wax made of? ›

It is a mixture of secretions from oil (sebaceous) glands and less-viscous ones from modified sweat (apocrine) glands. The primary components of earwax are 60% shed layers of skin (keratin) and 12–20% saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, alcohols and, 6–9% is cholesterol.

Can you still hear if your ear is cut off? ›

Yes, but with more difficulty. The outer part of your ear, known as the pinna, funnels sound into your ear canal, like a megaphone in reverse. If someone cut it off, everything would sound quieter.

What can hear you without ears? ›

The answer to this riddle is an “echo.”

Does cutting the eardrum hurt? ›

Anesthesia prevents pain during myringotomy surgery. However, you may experience some mild pain or discomfort following your procedure. You can take over-the-counter pain relievers to ease discomfort. Your surgeon may also give you numbing ear drops.

How do I know if I cut my eardrum? ›

Signs and symptoms of a ruptured eardrum may include: Ear pain that may subside quickly. Mucuslike, pus-filled or bloody drainage from the ear. Hearing loss.

What happens if I accidentally scratched my ear canal? ›

If you scratch your ear canal with a fingernail or insert a cotton swab too far, you can cause your ear to bleed. This type of injury isn't usually serious. Keep the cut clean to avoid infection.

Is it possible to hear without an eardrum? ›

Can you hear without an eardrum? Without your eardrum, everything would sound muffled. People with ruptured eardrums usually have some hearing loss until the membrane heals. Your eardrum (tympanic membrane) is essential for proper hearing function.

Can you speak without hearing? ›

Some deaf people don't really have vocal capability but will try their best to speak. Others have some residual hearing left. They may be hard of hearing, and may be able to speak. Then there are those with even more residual hearing who may speak well and use speech reading to follow along in conversation.

Is it possible to listen without hearing? ›

Can you listen without hearing? The answers are yes and no, respectively. Hearing is part of listening, but listening is an active process that takes time and effort. Listening is difficult because it takes energy; whereas, hearing is merely an involuntary response to sound.

Why does ear wax smell? ›

The mechanism is simple. In both wet earwax and its corresponding armpit sweat, ABCC11 transports certain natural molecules out of cells, and bacteria on the skin feast on them, transforming them into smelly, volatile organic compounds.

Does earwax have DNA? ›

Earwax is one of those biological samples that contains small amounts of intact DNA.

Why did a clump of earwax fall out? ›

Chewing, talking and regular bathing is often enough to move earwax up and out of the ear. Usually, earwax gets rinsed away in the shower without you knowing it's happening. But it's possible – and totally normal – for earwax to come out in balls, clumps or lumps. The bigger problem is when earwax stays in your ears.

What happens if you have no ear canal? ›

A child with atresia is born without an external ear canal. Atresia can be complete where there is no ear opening or there can be a very thin opening of the external ear canal. The level of hearing loss that atresia creates varies depending on the opening.

Can you hear if your eardrum is gone? ›

A ruptured eardrum can result in hearing loss. It can also make the middle ear vulnerable to infections. A ruptured eardrum usually heals within a few weeks without treatment. But sometimes it requires a patch or surgical repair to heal.

Can you still hear with one ear? ›

When a person can only hear well from one ear, he or she may have difficulty figuring out where the sound originated. You may struggle to hear in noisy environments: Your brain is in charge of selective listening, meaning, filtering out noises that aren't useful. This is tougher to do without the aid of a second ear.

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