Azure Application Gateway consists of several components that you can configure in various ways for different scenarios. This article shows you how to configure each component.
This image illustrates an application that has three listeners. The first two are multi-site listeners for http://acme.com/* and http://fabrikam.com/*, respectively. Both listen on port 80. The third is a basic listener that has end-to-end Transport Layer Security (TLS) termination, previously known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) termination.
You can configure the application gateway to have a public IP address, a private IP address, or both. A public IP is required when you host a back end that clients must access over the Internet via an Internet-facing virtual IP (VIP).
A listener is a logical entity that checks for incoming connection requests by using the port, protocol, host, and IP address. When you configure the listener, you must enter values for these that match the corresponding values in the incoming request on the gateway.
When you create an application gateway by using the Azure portal, you create a default rule (rule1). This rule binds the default listener (appGatewayHttpListener) with the default backend pool (appGatewayBackendPool) and the default backend HTTP settings (appGatewayBackendHttpSettings). After you create the gateway, you can edit the settings of the default rule or create new rules.
The application gateway routes traffic to the backend servers by using the configuration that you specify here. After you create an HTTP setting, you must associate it with one or more request-routing rules.
You can point a backend pool to four types of backend members: a specific virtual machine, a virtual machine scale set, an IP address/FQDN, or an app service.
After you create a backend pool, you must associate it with one or more request-routing rules. You must also configure health probes for each backend pool on your application gateway. When a request-routing rule condition is met, the application gateway forwards the traffic to the healthy servers (as determined by the health probes) in the corresponding backend pool.
Health probes
An application gateway monitors the health of all resources in its back end by default. But we strongly recommend that you create a custom probe for each backend HTTP setting to get greater control over health monitoring. To learn how to configure a custom probe, see Custom health probe settings.
Note
After you create a custom health probe, you need to associate it to a backend HTTP setting. A custom probe won't monitor the health of the backend pool unless the corresponding HTTP setting is explicitly associated with a listener using a rule.
Next steps
Now that you know about Application Gateway components, you can:
You can configure the application gateway to have a public IP address, a private IP address, or both. A public IP is required when you host a back end that clients must access over the Internet via an Internet-facing virtual IP (VIP).
Application Gateway v2 is the latest version of Application Gateway. It provides advantages over Application Gateway v1 such as performance enhancements, autoscaling, zone redundancy, and static VIPs. Deprecation of Application Gateway V1 was announced on April 28, 2023.
Azure Front Door and Azure Application Gateway are both load balancers for HTTP/HTTPS traffic, but they have different scopes. Front Door is a global service that can distribute requests across regions, while Application Gateway is a regional service that can balance requests within a region.
Application Gateway logs are integrated with Azure Monitor.This allows you to track diagnostic information, including WAF alerts and logs. You can access this capability on the Diagnostics tab in the Application Gateway resource in the portal or directly through Azure Monitor.
Standard tier is used only for load balancing web traffic and routing the web requests to your backend servers. WAF tier is used along with the Application gateway load balancing and routing to protect your web applications from web vulnerabilities and attacks without modification to back-end code.
Azure Application Gateway is a web traffic (OSI layer 7) load balancer that enables you to manage traffic to your web applications. Traditional load balancers operate at the transport layer (OSI layer 4 - TCP and UDP) and route traffic based on source IP address and port, to a destination IP address and port.
Autoscaling - With autoscaling enabled, the Application Gateway and WAF v2 SKUs scale out or in based on application traffic requirements. This mode offers better elasticity to your application and eliminates the need to guess the application gateway size or instance count.
The Application Gateway includes configurable horizontal autoscaling so that it can react automatically to application demand changes. Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based global traffic load balancer that distributes traffic to services across global Azure regions while providing high availability and responsiveness.
Download the App Gateway binary file, install the App Gateway server, register the App Gateway using Identity Cloud Service console, configure the App Gateway server, assign an enterprise application, start the App Gateway server, and test the access to the application through App Gateway.
- Azure reserves five IP addresses in each subnet for internal use. - Application Gateway (Standard or WAF SKU) can support up to 32 instances. Taking 32 instance IP addresses + 1 private front-end IP + 5 Azure reserved, a minimum subnet size of /26 is recommended.
After you sign in to your Office 365 organization account, register the gateway. Select Add to an existing cluster. In the Available gateway clusters list, select the primary gateway, which is the first gateway you installed. Enter the recovery key for that gateway.
Download the App Gateway binary file, install the App Gateway server, register the App Gateway using Identity Cloud Service console, configure the App Gateway server, assign an enterprise application, start the App Gateway server, and test the access to the application through App Gateway.
App Gateway is a software appliance that lets you integrate applications hosted either on a compute instance, in a cloud infrastructure, or in an on-premises server with IAM for authentication purposes.
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